See nugara on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "mugura",
"t": "back"
},
"expansion": "Latvian mugura (“back”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nukero",
"t": "ridge"
},
"expansion": "Finnish nukero (“ridge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mogyla",
"t": "mound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kniúkr",
"t": "rounded mountain peak"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "knoka",
"t": "ankle; knuckle"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*knukilaz",
"t": "knuckle; knot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Latvian mugura (“back”); the Latvian term apparently underwent an irregular sound shift n- > m-, based on the existence of Finnish nukero (“ridge”), which was borrowed from Baltic. Further etymology outside of Baltic unclear, owing to the words' strange phonetic structure, as well as the Lithuanian term's fixed (columnar) accent.\nThese words have been compared to Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”), as words for \"back\" are often related to landscape terms. However, this connection could only hold if the Baltic and Slavic terms are independently borrowed from a common substrate language, since regular sound changes are not observed.\nEndzelins alternatively assumes a proto-form *gnugara, which he tentatively connects to Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”), Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”), which appear to be related to Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nùgara",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"stress-pattern-1"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaros",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lt-noun-f-a-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgarų",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgarai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaroms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgarą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaromis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgarose",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"10": "{{{m}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "nùgaros",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{f}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "nùgara"
},
"expansion": "nùgara f (plural nùgaros)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "nùgaros",
"3": "1",
"head": "nùgara"
},
"expansion": "nùgara f (plural nùgaros) stress pattern 1",
"name": "lt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nùgara",
"10": "nùgaromis",
"11": "nùgaroje",
"12": "nùgarose",
"13": "nùgara",
"14": "nùgaros",
"2": "nùgaros",
"3": "nùgaros",
"4": "nùgarų",
"5": "nùgarai",
"6": "nùgaroms",
"7": "nùgarą",
"8": "nùgaras",
"9": "nùgara"
},
"name": "lt-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lt",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "lt:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nugaros smegenys"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "back pain",
"text": "nùgaros skaũsmas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back"
],
"id": "en-nugara-lt-noun-PEgjRvN1",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) back"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lt:nugara"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈn̪ʊɡɐrɐ]"
}
],
"word": "nugara"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "nugaros smegenys"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "mugura",
"t": "back"
},
"expansion": "Latvian mugura (“back”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nukero",
"t": "ridge"
},
"expansion": "Finnish nukero (“ridge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mogyla",
"t": "mound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kniúkr",
"t": "rounded mountain peak"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "knoka",
"t": "ankle; knuckle"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*knukilaz",
"t": "knuckle; knot"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Latvian mugura (“back”); the Latvian term apparently underwent an irregular sound shift n- > m-, based on the existence of Finnish nukero (“ridge”), which was borrowed from Baltic. Further etymology outside of Baltic unclear, owing to the words' strange phonetic structure, as well as the Lithuanian term's fixed (columnar) accent.\nThese words have been compared to Proto-Slavic *mogyla (“mound”), as words for \"back\" are often related to landscape terms. However, this connection could only hold if the Baltic and Slavic terms are independently borrowed from a common substrate language, since regular sound changes are not observed.\nEndzelins alternatively assumes a proto-form *gnugara, which he tentatively connects to Old Norse kniúkr (“rounded mountain peak”), Norwegian knoka (“ankle; knuckle”), which appear to be related to Proto-Germanic *knukilaz (“knuckle; knot”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nùgara",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"stress-pattern-1"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaros",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lt-noun-f-a-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgarų",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgarai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaroms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgarą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaromis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaroje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgarose",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nùgaros",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"10": "{{{m}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "nùgaros",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{f}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "nùgara"
},
"expansion": "nùgara f (plural nùgaros)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "nùgaros",
"3": "1",
"head": "nùgara"
},
"expansion": "nùgara f (plural nùgaros) stress pattern 1",
"name": "lt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nùgara",
"10": "nùgaromis",
"11": "nùgaroje",
"12": "nùgarose",
"13": "nùgara",
"14": "nùgaros",
"2": "nùgaros",
"3": "nùgaros",
"4": "nùgarų",
"5": "nùgarai",
"6": "nùgaroms",
"7": "nùgarą",
"8": "nùgaras",
"9": "nùgara"
},
"name": "lt-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian feminine nouns",
"Lithuanian lemmas",
"Lithuanian nouns",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"lt:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "back pain",
"text": "nùgaros skaũsmas"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) back"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"lt:nugara"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈn̪ʊɡɐrɐ]"
}
],
"word": "nugara"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nugara meaning in All languages combined (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.